Concrete staining - The Art of Acid-Etch Staining

 Concrete staining is the use of concrete as not simply a utilitarian medium for construction but as an aesthetic enhancement to a structure, while still serving its function as an integral part of the building itself such as floors. Concrete staining is not a dyeing or pigment-base coloring systems, but a chemical reaction. Concrete staining surpass all other concrete coatings in terms of resistance and long lasting durability. They will not chip, fade or peel off the surface to which they are applied. Their longevity is even furthered when floors are sealed and/or waxed. Concrete staining is one of the most popular applications for transforming concrete slabs. Often referred to as colored concrete, homeowners, designers and builders are drawn to stained concrete because of the unique outcome that can be achieved combining colors, application techniques, etc., on cement flooring and other substrates. The results are limited only by the creativity of those involved in the stained concrete process. Because of concrete's porous qualities and neutral tone, it is the perfect blank canvas for topically applied color. Using acid-based chemical stains, decorative concrete contractors have been able to achieve rich, earth-toned color schemes resembling natural stone, marble, wood, or even leather, giving a completely custom look to cement floors, concrete driveways, patios, walkways, pool decks, concrete walls and more. Most acid stains are a mixture of water, hydrochloric acid, and acid-soluble metallic salts. They work by penetrating the surface and reacting chemically with the hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) in the concrete. The acid in the stain lightly etches the surface, allowing the metallic salts to penetrate more easily. Once the stain reacts, it becomes a permanent part of the concrete and won't fade, chip off, or peel away. Stone floor owners know that when stone floors no longer have their original shine, they can become unsightly and undesirable and then comes the need of stone polishing.

The process of stone polishing brings back the shine of stone floors. The term “stone” includes all natural stone, the more popular and better known being sandstone, limestone, travertine, marble, basalt and granite. All of these will require different type of stone polishing depending on the job to be done. There are literally thousands of types of natural stone, each one having a unique mineral make up. With traditional systems a technician must have a deep understanding of all types of stone in order to determine which type of polishing pads to use for stone polishing, what grit level to start at, which grit level to finish at and which of many types of compounds are needing to do the final polishing. Re-vitrification is the process in which the surface is cut back slightly and chemically polished to yield a beautiful gloss and restore natural richness to the stone. Grinding is the process of stone polishing which removes deep scratches and etching in severely damaged floors to yield a stunningly beautiful end-result. Also used to smooth out unevenly laid tiles, giving the floor a smoother appearance and removing tripping hazards. 

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